Light sensitivity (or photophobia) is an intolerance of light. Sources such as sunlight, fluorescent light and incandescent light all can cause discomfort with a need to squint or close your eyes. Headaches also may accompany light sensitivity. Light sensitivity also can be a symptom of underlying diseases that don’t directly affect the eyes, such as virus-caused illnesses or severe headaches or migraines.
People with blue eyes or lighter eyes may experience more light sensitivity in environments such as bright sunlight, because darker-colored eyes contain more pigment to protect against harsh lighting.
Other common causes of light sensitivity(photophobia) include corneal abrasion, and potentially a central nervous system disorder such as meningitis. Light sensitivity can also be associated with a with a retinal detachment , contact lens irritations, sunburn and lasik. Photophobia often accompanies albinism (lack of eye pigment), total color deficiency (seeing only in shades of gray), botulism, rabies, mercury poisoning, pink eye. Some medications may cause light sensitivity as a side effect. Some antibiotic medications such as quinine, tetracycline and doxycycline can cause light sensitivity.
Photophobia Treatment
The best treatment for light sensitivity is to address the underlying cause. Once the triggering factor is treated, photophobia disappears in many cases. If you are taking a medication that causes light sensitivity, talk to your prescribing eye doctor or physician about discontinuing or replacing the drug.
If you’re naturally sensitive to light, avoid bright sunlight and other harsh lighting sources. Wear wide-brimmed hats and sunglasses with ultraviolet (UV) protection preferably polarized lenses.
Photochromic glasses lenses are another solution for mild sun sensitivity. These lenses darken automatically outdoors and block 100 percent of the sun’s UV rays but don’t darken when driving your car because of the UV inhibitors built into your windshield.
For bright sunlight, consider polarized sunglasses. These sun lenses provide extra protection against glare-causing reflections of light from water, sand, snow, concrete roadways and other reflective surfaces. I find that the dark brown polarized lenses are the best for cloudy and sunny days worn year round to protect the health in the back of your eyes.
In an extreme case, you may consider wearing colored contacts that are specially colored to look like your own eyes. These can reduce the amount of light that enters the and make your eyes more comfortable. (This article was referenced from allaboutvision.com)
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